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Marrying Stranded Wind and Freight Rail Electrification

by: BruceMcF

Sun Jan 27, 2008 at 10:44:01 PST        
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(Electrification of our nation's railroads is winning idea. Do we have the will and money to make it happen? - promoted by Magnifico)

Welcome to the next in my (sporadic) Long Emergency series of essays.

This one is a real cheap rip-off essay, in which I simply rip out the short policy proposal wrapped up in a Daily Kos candidate diary, and present it without the candidate diary parts.

Here is a version of the national Wind Resource map:

It should, I hope, be clear that much of the best resource is in areas that do not have the highest electricity consumption. And at the same time, that is a lot of the terrain that the transcontinental freight rail must traverse to get where its going. And, at the same time, we desperately need to get the main freight rail trunk lines electrified, by hook or by crook. Ergo, I got a grossly oversimplified policy proposal to present.

  • The Federal Government invests in publicly owned infrastructure to electrify the main railroad
  • In return, the owners of the right of way cede use of the right of way above the part that they need to public use, together with access to the ground level right of way for support structures
  • That right of way is used to establish long distance High Voltage DC trunk lines to bring sustainable energy from the places that have it to places the need it
  • In areas where there is a commercial wind resource, the usage rights above those trunk lines are available to be leased out for wind farm operators, with the lease payments rolled back into the funding for the program

Some answers to some challenges to the proposal, after the fold.

BruceMcF :: Marrying Stranded Wind and Freight Rail Electrification
Opponents will argue, "long distance power transport loses power".

My suggested answer:

"Wind Power is use it or lose it. If we do not burn a ton of coal this year, we can burn it next year, or next decade, or a century from now. And if we wait, we may be able to use it in a way that does not damage the environment. But every Terawatt of Wind Power that we leave untapped is just gone."

Opponents will argue, "The Federal Government should not subsidize the electrification of the freight rail grid."

My suggested answer:

The reason we subsidized the Interstate Highway system was national defense. But back then we were an oil exporter. Now we are a massive oil importer. We have to be able to move essential food, supplies, and defense material from one side of the country to the other without having that hostage to events in the Middle East. Sustainable electricity supplies let us do that."

Opponents will argue, "We cannot rely on wind power to always be there."

My suggested answer:

"Its a big country we have here. There is always some wind blowing across some part of our country. But its true that sometimes there will be more wind power than other times. As long as the federal government makes sure that that power can be transported and sold at times that it is needed, I am sure that enterprising private firms will find ways to store it in times that it is abundant."

Now, getting the proposal out there required far more than verbiage. It needs a good visual. And while I do not have the resource to quickly put that visual together, I've got a clear picture in me head.

A US state boundary map. A big bold percentage in black, that shows the total wind resource in the state, on current estimates, as a percentage of total current US electricity use. And include offshore wind resource within state boundaries in that percentage. A big bold percentage in red, that shows the state's share of total electricity consumption. And in blue, the main existing trunk line rail network, with blue lightning bolts laid out alongside the ones that link up wind power surplus states with wind power deficit states.

OK, that's what I got at the moment. Tell me what you think.

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I'm more or less here ... (4.00 / 11)
... I have the candidate diary on dKos and at the supporter's blog hosted by the candidate's campaign, so I may be in and out.

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A tip for (4.00 / 6)
what sounds like a good idea.  It would probably be difficult to implement (if only because of politics) but I agree rail should be a big part of the answer to the oil question, and so should wind.

One function of the income gap is that the people at the top of the heap have a hard time even seeing those at the bottom. They practically need a telescope.--Molly Ivins

[ Parent ]
However, this is the stage of the race ... (4.00 / 4)
... where its political advantages outweigh its political drawbacks for an underdog chasing above 15% margins in flyover country on February 5th ... which is why this was in a candidate diary in the first place.

Proportional representation changes political outcomes.

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[ Parent ]
Nice idea, Bruce. (4.00 / 5)
Has anyone crunched numbers far enough to determine what percentage of the Freight Rail Electrification demands could be reliably met with wind power, and over what timeframe?

It also raises the possibility of expanding the proposal into a phased industry by industry program across the country - maybe beginning with supplying manufacturing plants?

Excess if any could also be sold to the nationwide grid system.


Reliably? That's easy ... (4.00 / 5)
... all.

For reliable electrification from wind, you need multiple sources, from wind resource regions wide enough apart that there is normally energy, and a means to store power. Modular pumped storage hydro (that is, a water holding tank on both bottom and top, so it primarily requires a convenient 30m+ elevation to function) is up to the storage task, and the US wind resource is far in excess of the total energy required to electrify all of our trunk rail ... I get that simply by the diesel consumption in rail, convert to BTU's, convert to Terawatts, we have more wind resource than that.

North Attlantic Coast offshore, the Western Ohio through Illinois wind resource, the Great Lakes wind resource, the Dakotas wind resource and the Kansas/Oklahoma wind resource give the broad enough geographic spread to get statistical reliability near the range of coal fired power plants, and if there's a gap, we have the technology that can cover it.

There is the little matter of social organization, but that's normally the harder part of any technological change.

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[ Parent ]
The Milwaukee Road (4.00 / 4)
The Milwaukee Road began electrification in 1914-15 in the Pacific NW using hydro-power. In 1973-74, the railroad scrapped electrification because it was an "impediment to its merger and consolidation" plans and because the struggling railroad could get $10 million by selling off the copper wire. Re-electrification of the west, this time powered by wind, in my opinion, "would be a step in the right direction".

How do we get (4.00 / 5)
the energy created by wind power to users?

Much is lost in transmission.

Have some thoughts (educated as an EE).

But interested in yours.


Distributed, smaller-scale wind turbines? (4.00 / 5)
How impracticable would it be to have wind power more distributed, so smaller-scale wind turbines would be in the neighborhoods and communities where the power is needed?

Doesn't work, obviously, in the Southeast, but in Colorado and along the Rocky Mountain front range, people live where it is windy, for example.


[ Parent ]
Southeast (4.00 / 3)
I live near the coast in North Carolina.  The wind velosity is rarely below 10 mph--which I would expect is sufficient. Camp Lejeune is nearby, wind farms could be installed there without community opposition or noise complaints.  Thinking out of the box--it's windy near the gulfstream--another place ripe for wind farms.

[ Parent ]
Wilmington ? New Bern ? (4.00 / 1)
Grew up a little inland of there (born in the SF Bay, knocked around with tenure-gypsy parents, landed in NC at nine.) Very good point: a buddy of mine growing up and I used to say we didn't know what kind of pirate Blackbeard was, in practical terms, but he had to have been a hell of a sailor taking that galleon of his in and out of the inlet at Bath through the Pamlico Sound with those constant crosswinds. Don't know about quality of generation on those tacking winds but for steady flow, hard to beat in the Southeast. Good point.

Major General Superman Since 2008

Chess in particular had always annoyed [Vimes] .... if only the pawns united, maybe talked the rooks around, the whole board could've been a republic in a dozen moves. -- Terry Pratchett


[ Parent ]
Not at all impractical ... (4.00 / 1)
... and, indeed, complementary to utility grade wind generators ... the key innovation is the social infrastructure, such as requiring utility suppliers to buy back the power at a rate with a floor of a certain percentage of the retail rate ... and the technical infrastructure to store surplus wind and solar generated power at one time to put onto the grid at another doesn't care how large the original wind generators were, or whether the solar power was photovoltaics in an integrated electric/thermal system on a roof or a CSP farm out in the desert ... watts is watts as far as the storage infrastructure is concerned.

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[ Parent ]
One idea is HVDC ... (4.00 / 2)
... and from what little I understand, long distance HVDC transmission has made strides in the last twenty years due to improvements in material sciences.

But the key on the economics side is that AC grids connected by HVDC do not have to be in sync. So its possible to have the equivalent of power sold from the Dakotas to New York city by, in fact, power from the Dakotas being consumed in Minnesota / Wisconsin, while MN/WI power is being consumed in Greater Chicago, Lake Michigan power is being consumed in Ohio, western PA, western NY, Lake Eries, Western OH / IN power is being consumed in greater NYC.

What the infrastructure does is ensure that wind that is surplus to local and regional requirements is not "stranded wind" ... it does not go to waste. And that also increases the reliability of the resource since a greater portion of the resource over more sites in a given region can be farmed.

The second part of the impact of the infrastructure is encouraging the establishment of energy-intensive production, like recycled aluminum, or ammonium production from electricity rather than fossil fuel, in the zone between two strong wind resources, like in WI/MN between the  Great Lakes offshore resource and the Dakotas resource. And of course, similar considerations would determine the most effective places to site the reserve supply capacity.

So getting high volume users to the power is important. Ammonium is a big part of that, since over the short and medium term we are not getting off a chemical/mechanical farm system cold turkey, and ammonium can both serve as an important chemical fertilizer input as well as a fuel for agricultural machinery. And once its ammonium, there's an existing ammonium pipeline network ... transmission losses per mile are substantially lower.

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[ Parent ]
a question....... (4.00 / 4)
in the sixties we committed ourselves to great vision....

and we landed human beings on the moon....

we are still benefiting from that investment.....

how possible would such an effort be to create a mag-lev train and invest in superconducting technology for it and the power transmission you speak of ?!?.....

something like this needs to become ubiquitous so that we can change our relationship to the idividual and the automobile.....

because the number of autos is about to go through the roof with china coming on line......


I would rather create a society in which the difference ... (4.00 / 1)
... between the 200MPH of the more energy efficient steel wheel on steel rail High Speed Rail and the 350MPH of less energy efficient maglev is not a different that makes it worthwhile to burn through the extra energy per mile traveled.

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[ Parent ]
This is a polite place. (4.00 / 1)
Energy production is not polite.

The Nazis produced lots of artificial fuel right up until the end of the war.

The U.S. could do the same sort of thing, minus Bush and Exxon.


When they were doing that, they were producing ... (4.00 / 1)
... a whole hell of a lot of CO2 in the process ... which wasn't a concern to them, but is a concern to us.

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[ Parent ]
March on Washington
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